Reduce the oven temperature to 325°F.
In a large bowl, using a hand or stand mixer, beat the softened cream cheese and sugar together on medium speed until smooth, about 2-3 minutes.
24 ounces cream cheese, 1½ cups granulated sugar
Beat in eggs, one at a time, on low speed until fully combined, about 10-15 seconds each.
3 large eggs
Beat the sour cream and vanilla extract into the cheesecake batter on low until fully combined, about 30 seconds.
½ cup sour cream, 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
Separate cheesecake batter evenly into 6 bowls (about 208 grams per bowl). Color one bowl of cheesecake batter red, one orange, one yellow, one green, one blue, and one purple.
Gel food coloring
Use one spoon per bowl to drop dollops of colored cheesecake batter over the cooled crust, alternating colors until all of the batter has been used.
Place the baking pan on a baking sheet and bake in the oven for 55-60 minutes, or until the cheesecake looks set.
Remove the cheesecake from the oven and let it cool to room temperature for about 2 hours.
Once cooled, wrap the cheesecake (still in the cake pan) well in plastic wrap and chill in the refrigerator for at least 8 hours.
Unmold the chilled cheesecake from the pan and cut into 16 squares. Top with whipped cream and rainbow sprinkles, if desired. Serve cold.